Electoral rights allow migrants to vote and stand for local (but not regional) elections after five years of uninterrupted legal residence. Like 21 MIPEX countries, best practice on political liberties allows all foreign residents to form associations and join political parties. Although a structural and freely elected consultation body exists at the national level, consultation at other levels is rather ad hoc and prone to state intervention. Immigrant organisations that participate in these consultations can receive funding or support without further conditions under favourable implementation policies that rank third out of the 28 tied with DE and NO.
